bkaÈhdj yd YS% ,xldj w;r mj;sk rdcH ;dka;s%l in|;d miq.sh jir 60 la mqrdj .;a l, mej;sfha ixlS¾K ;;a;ajhlh' bkaÈhdj hkq f,dalfha uyn,j;l= ùug W;aidy ork rgls' bkaÈhdfõ wruqK ù we;af;a tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ixúOdkh ;=, mj;sk wdrCIl uKav,fha ks;H idudðl;ajh ,nd .ekSugh' ta i|yd bkaÈhdfõ oDV n,h (Hard Power) fukau fi!uH n,h (Soft Power) f,dalh yuqfõ Tmamq lsÍfï wjYH;djh bkaÈhdj wjOdrKh lrñka isà'

oDV n,h hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka wd¾Ól n,h" ñ,sgß n,h" ck.ykfha mßudj jeksoEh' fi!uH n,h hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka rdcH ;dka;s%l yelshdj" rdcH Ñka;kh" udkj ysñlï yd m%cd;ka;%jdoh fjkqfjka we;s lemùu hkdÈhhs' bkaÈhdj ;uka i;= oDV n,h ms,sn|j ielhla fkdue;s jQjo" Tjqka ieuúgu ÿ¾j, njla fmkajkafka ;uka i;= fi!uH n,h fmkaùfï§h' wvqu ;rñka ;u l,dmh ;=, fyda iaÓridrj fulS fi!uH n,h fmkaùug bkaÈhdjg fkdyels ù ;sfí' ta i|yd jk lÈu ksoiqk YS% ,xldjhs' wd¾aÓluh w;ska .;a l, bkaÈhdj wo f,dalfha by, wd¾Ól j¾Okhla iys; Ökh" c¾uksh" reishdj" n%iS,h w;rg jefgk rgls' l%h Yla;sh fyj;a ñ,§ .ekSfï yelshdfõ o¾Ylh (PPP) hgf;a .;a l, weußld tlai;a ckmoh" Ökh" cmdkh iu. lrg lr isák w;r" c¾uksh" reishdj" tlai;a rdcOdksh yd m%xYh tlS moku u; miqlr isà' 1998 § bkaÈhdj lsf,da fgdka 45 l kHIaÀl fndaïnhla w;ayod n,ñka f,dalfha kHIaÀl n,j;=ka miafokd w;rg tla jQfhah' tfiau ck.ykh w;ska bkaÈhdj fojeks jkafka Ökhg muKs' ta w¾:fhka bkaÈhdj f,dalfha ±jeka; udkj iïm;lg o" fj,| m,lg o ysñlï lsh;s' f,dal n,j;l= ùu i|yd bkaÈhdfõ yelshdj fufia fmkakqï lrk l,ays" tjeks n,j;l= ùu i|yd wjeis fi!uH n,h w;ska bkaÈhdj fmkajfka hï miqnEuls' ta i|yd jk fyd|u kso¾Ykh jkafka ;ukaf.a l,dmh ;=, mj;sk wia:djr Ndjhhs' fï jkúg hï ia:djr Ndjhla we;s fldg f.k we;s kuqÿ" nQgdkh yerek fldg l,dmfha isák mlsia;dkh" YS% ,xldj" fkamd,h" nx.,dfoaYh" ud,Èjhsk fukau ;ukag W;=ßka msysá ñhkaudrh" we*a.ksia;dkh hk iEu rglau bkaÈhdj iu. mj;ajd f.k hkafka hym;a ñ;%YS,S in|;d fkdfõ' bkaÈhdj nqÿ oyfï iy yskaÿ wd.fï Wmka N+ñhhs' kuq;a ;ju;a ngysr foaYmd,ksl ixl,am yqjd olajkq úkd" bkaÈhdkq ksIamdokhla f,i f,djg y÷kajdÈu i|yd jQ fi!uH n,hla ;ju;a f.dvkÕd fkdue;s njla bkaÈhdj fmkakqï lrñka isà' cd;Hka;r in|;d w;ska jfrl bkaÈhdj fmruqK .;af;ah' ta 1954 § Ök w.%dud;H fp! tka ,dhs iy bka§h w.%dud;H cjy,a,d,a fkare taldnoaO ksfõokhla ksl=;a fldg" fkaref.a mxpYS, m%;sm;a;sh y÷kajd foñks' tlS mxpYS, m%;sm;a;sh" fkdne¢ ms,sjf;ys uq,a ., jQfhah' kuq;a wo jkúg YS;, hqoaOh ksudùu ksid fkdne¢ m%;sm;a;sh o h,a mek .sh fihla fmkaj;s' fulS mxpYS, m%;sm;a;sh fufia h,a mek .sho tys miajk m%;sm;a;sh wog;a" bkaÈhdjg wkq.ukh l, yelalls' kuq;a bkaÈhdfõ wd¾Ól yd ñ,sgß ixj¾Okhg idfmaCIj úfoaY m%;sm;a;s ixj¾Okfha we;af;a ±jeka; miq.dó njls' mxp YS,fha m%;sm;a;sh jQfha l=vd fyda ÿ¾j, fyda kj cd;sl rdcH ;=, foaYSh" úfoaY yd ñ,sgßuh ;Skaÿ .ekSfï §" n,j;a rdcHhkaf.a n,mEu yd mSvkfhka f;drj" ;ukaf.au jq úl,am ;Skaÿ yels;dla ÿrg .ekSug we;s yelshdj ;yjqre lsÍuhs' YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka bkaÈhdj mj;ajd f.k hk ixlS¾K rdcH ;dka;s%l in|;d foi n,k l," ieuúgu" ieuod bkaÈhdjg wu;l ù we;af;a" YS% cjy,a,d,a fkare ;=ukaf.a mxpYS, m%;sm;a;sfha 5 jk wx.hhs' fujr ðkSjdys§ fmkakqï lr we;af;a o thhs' mxpYS,h wu;l lrkakg bkaÈhdjg úfYaI fya;=jla ;sfí' ta l,dmfha wfkla rgj,g idfmaCIj bkaÈhdfõ úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh ,xldj flfrys n,meje;a ùug" ta rfgys Ôj foaYmd,ksl h:d¾;hkag (Geo Political Realities) wu;rj" ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq foaYmd,ksl idOlh o fnfyúka wod, ùuhs' bkaÈhdj yd YS% ,xldj w;r ;dkdm;s in|;d b;du my,u wähg jegqk hq.h jQfha fp!rdc foaYdhs w.ue;sjrhdf.a md,kh ì| jeà" kej;;a bkaÈrd .dkaê n,hg m;ajqKq hq.hhs' tlS hq.fha § YS% ,xldj iïnkaO bkaÈhdkq úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh uQ,slj ;Skaÿ lrkq ,enqfha ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq fou, foaYmd,k idOlh u;h' ta i|yd bkaÈrd .dkaê fm,Ujkq ,enqfha fÊ'wd¾' chj¾Okh rch úiska tjlg wkq.ukh lrñka ;snq weußldkq ióm;ajh yd bkaÈrd .dkaê úfrdaOhhs' flfia kuq;a fulS ;;a;ajh ,xldfõ iajdêm;H yd fN!ñl wLKav;djhg mSvkhla t,a, lrkakd jQ úfoaY m%;sma;s;hla i|yd fhduq lrkakg iu;a jQfhah' tys m%;sM,h jQfha weú¨Kq isú,a hqoaOhhs'

1984 § bkaÈrd >d;kfhka miq rÔõ .dkaê n,hg m;a jQfhah' rðõ fulS ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq idOlh u;" YS% ,xldj flfrys jQ úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh ;SrKh lsÍfï ixl,amh fjkia lsÍug lghq;= lf,ah' rÔõ mjid ;snqfKa kjÈ,a,sh YS% ,xldfõ isxy,hka yd oñ,hka w;r m%YaKfha § uOHia; ia:djrhla .ksñka" oñ,jd§ wdl,amfhka ñ¢h hq;= njh' rÔõ .dkaêf.a fulS ia:djrh ms,sn| woyia olajñka tjlg bka§h úfoaY f,alïjrhd jQ frdfïYa nKavdß mjid ;snqfKa bkaÈhdfõ fuu ia:djrh ksid" bkaÈhdg YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka ;ñ,akdvq ms,sj;lg jvd bkaÈhdkq ms,sj;la wkq.ukh lsÍug yelsù ;sfnk njhs' ieneúkau YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka" bkaÈhdkq ueÈy;a ùu" bkaÈhdfõ ;ñ,akdvq m%;sm;a;sfha m%;sm;a;shla jQfhah' ta ksidu bkaÈhdj w;mqÉpd .;af;ah' bkaÈhdkq idu idOl yuqodfõ ueÈy;a ùu" YS% ,xldfõ .=jka iSudj wdl%uKh lsÍu bka miqj bkaÈhdkq lS¾;su;a yuqodjg w;ajQ mrdchka" rÔõ .dkaê >d;kh hk ish,a,lau bkaÈhdfõ" YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka jQ ;ñ,akdvq m%;sm;a;sfha w;=re M, jQfhah' ta ksidu f,dal foaYmd,kh ;=, bkaÈhdj wmlS¾;shg m;a jQfhah' ta ksidu miqld,Sk bkaÈhdkq w.ue;s jreka fï ms,ì|j fyd¢ka is;d u;d lghq;= lf,ah' tys m%uqLhd jQfha ysgmq w.ue;s whs'fla' .=crd,a ^1997& h' Tyq bkaÈhdkq bkaÈrd .dkaê úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh fjkia lrñka tkï wms iu. ke;s wh" wmg tfrys jkakka f,i ie,lSfï" wNsfhda.d;aul yd miq.dó úfoaY m%;sm;a;s ia:djrh (Those who are not with us are against us) fjkia fldg" rgj, fN!ñl wLKav ;djh" ffiajÍ;ajhg .re lrñka" tlS rgj, wNHka;r lghq;= j,g w; fmùfuka je,lS isàug;a" ta fjkqjg oaúmd¾Yúl in|;d jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug;a wjOdrKh fldg isák ,È' bkaÈhdkq úfoaY m%;sm;a;sfha ixêia:dkhla ksfhdackh lrkq ,nk fuu m%;sm;a;sh .=crd,a m%;sm;a;sh f,i m%lgh'

1997 § .=crd,a w.ue;s jrhd YS% ,xldjg meñKs wjia:dfõ § fulS ia:djrh m%ldY lrkakg fhÿks' bkamiqj YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka jeo.;a ia:djrhlg bkaÈhdj ms,smka hq.h jQfha jcmdhs w.%dud;H jrhdf.a md,k hq.hhs' tlS hq.fha § YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka bkaÈhdkq m%;sm;a;sh jQfha wf;a ÿßka isàfï (Hands off) m%;sm;a;shhs' kej;;a .dkaê jreka n,hg m;aùu;a iuÕu" bkaÈhdfõ m%;sm;a;sh fjkiaj .sfhah' tys§ iqúfYaIs idOlhd jkafka j¾;udk bka§h md,kh YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka l=uk fyda ia:djr úfoaY m%;sm;a;shlg noaO fkdùuhs' m,uqj Tjqka ;ñ,akdvq m%;sm;a;sh w;yer oud YS% ,xld rchg" t,a'à'à'B'h mrdch lsÍug wjeis ñ,sgßuh yd úfoaY m%;sm;a;s iydh ,nd ÿkafkah' bkamiqj YS% ,xldfõ foaYmd,k m%YaK úi|d .ekSu i|yd YS% ,xldj iuÕ .KqfoKqjlg meg¿fKah' th mxpYS, m%;sm;a;sh fyda .=crd,a m%;sm;a;sh fyda wf;a ÿßka isàfï m%;sm;a;shg o tfrys fjñks' th wid¾:l jQ l, ±ka kej;;a ;ñ,akdvq m%;sm;a;shg fhduq ù isà' bkaÈhdjg YS% ,xldj iïnkaOfhka ksis m%;sm;a;shla fkdùu bkaÈhdjg fukau wmg o wjdis odhlh' ta nj f;areï .ekSug yels 21 jk ishjig .e,fmk úfoaY wud;HdxYhla bkaÈhdjg wjYHj ;sfí'